有一个35mm相机在徕卡之前使用打孔电影胶片。一第一专利颁发给雷欧，audobard和Baradat在英国1908。第一个全规模生产的相机是 HomeOS，立体相机，在1913由Jules Richard制作。它把立体像对，18×24毫米，两天塞镜头。它一直卖到1920点。第一35mm大卖家是 美国游客多，也出现在1913。这架相机175美元1913美元。按照今天的标准，这相当于一个3000美元的徕卡。以全帧24x36mm暴露第一相机似乎是 单纯形法，介绍了美国1914。它花了800个半帧或400个全帧镜头在50英尺的辊。的 minigraph，列维-罗斯的柏林，另一半架小相机在德国卖1915。为 于9月相机的专利，结合35mm仍然和电影摄影机是1918颁发的，而不是销售，直到1922。最后， 孚雷的相机，和1923在法国销售了全画幅24x36mm底片是第一个廉价的小型35mm相机看起来像今天的模型。虽然奥斯卡·巴纳克自己设计的原型相机的1913左右，ur Leicas的第一个实验生产运行（100串130）不发生直到1923。徕卡的全面生产直到1925才开始。当时至少有一打其他的35mm相机可用。徕卡的成功是由当代摄影作家所决定的，不仅是因为它的体积小，而且结构精确，而是因为它的价格相对较高，这使它成为摄影师和时尚人士之间的“威望”项目。明显的负价格弹性的概念是在挡板的时代盛行的现在……这个搜索推至1932，提交时我的一年，“30年的高水平测距相机。

There were a number of 35mm still cameras using perforated movie film prior to the Leica. The first patent for one was issued to Leo, Audobard and Baradat in England in 1908. The first full scale production camera was the Homeos, a stereo camera, produced by Jules Richard in 1913. It took stereo pairs, 18×24 mm, with two Tessar lenses. It was sold until 1920. The first 35mm big seller was the American Tourist Multiple, also appearing in 1913. The camera cost $175 in 1913. By today’s standards that’s the equal of a $3000 Leica. The first camera to take full frame 24x36mm exposures seems to be the Simplex, introduced in the U.S. in 1914. It took either 800 half frame or 400 full frame shots on 50 ft. rolls. The Minigraph, by Levy- Roth of Berlin, another half frame small camera was sold in Germany in 1915. The patent for the Debrie Sept camera, a combination 35mm still and movie camera was issued in 1918, but was not marketed until 1922. Finally the Furet camera, made and sold in France in 1923 took full frame 24x36mm negatives and was the first cheap small 35mm camera to look vaguely like today’s models. Although Oskar Barnack designed his prototype camera around 1913, the first experimental production run of ur-Leicas (Serial No. 100 to 130) did not take place until 1923. Full scale production of the Leica did not begin until 1925. By that time there were at least a dozen other 35mm cameras available. The success of the Leica was attributed by contemporary photographic writers, not only to its small size and to the precision of its construction, but to its relatively high price which established it as a “prestige” item among both photographers and people of fashion. Obviously the concept of negative price elasticity was as prevalent in the flapper era as it is now…… This search is pushed until 1932, year of presentation of Contax I, the high level rangefinder camera of ’30 years.

Click on picture to see large model

Produced	Model	Year	Innovative characteristic	Lense	Picture
George P.Smith	Smith	1912	really rare US camera made in Missouri. First with 24×36 format.	don’t know
Herbert & Huesgen, New Ideas Mfg. Co.	Tourist Multiple	1913	Vertically styled body, leather covered, Tourist Multiple became the first commercially produced 35mm camera to be sold (although it had been on the market sometime toward the end of 1913), probably about 1000 cameras were ever made (McKeown, 1994). It contained a 50 foot magazine with enough film for 750 half frame exposures 18x24mm, shutter 40 – 200. There was also a multiple projector (film strip) available for $100.00.	Zeiss Tessar Series Ic 1:3.5/50 or Goerz Hypar f3.5, or Steinheil Triplar f2.5.
Jules Richard	Homeos	1914	the first 35mm camera was the “Homeos” (1913) a year before Oskar Barnack’s “UR” prototype. And it was 1925 before the first production Leica hit the market, fixed focus, diapphragm: f/4.5, f/6.3, f/8, f/10 e f/20	Krauss Tessar 1:4.5/28
Multi-Speed-New York	Simplex	1914	multi-exposure, multi-speed shutter Compound 00, 1/300, 800 exposures 18×24. The rarest pre-Leica and the most valuable today is the Simplex Multi-Exposure 35mm camera…. Five, possibly six are known.	Tessar 1:3.5/50
Ernst Leitz	UR Leica	1914	Oskar Barnack works on the design of a camera for 35 mm motion picture film. The result materializes early in 1914 with the legendary “Ur LEICA”, vindicating the concept “small negative large pictures”
Levy Roth	Minnigraph	1915	50 exposures 18×24 on 35mm film in special cassettes	Anastigmat 1:3.5/54
Kodak	00 Cartridge Premo	1916	Six exposure roll film, 32×44 mm format box camera, the first in Kodak for little format.	not know
FACT	Autocinephot	1918	Original camera planned from Tartara and named Autocinephot, equipped with a spring motor and can carry out seven various functions, camera, cinema camera, floodlight, magnifier etc. The shutter like a cross of Malta said about however the main employment like cinema camera rather than as camera very soon the licence comes yielded the French manufacturer André Debrie who producted it with the Sept name.
Hewit-Beaufort	Hewit-Beaufort	1921	On october 26, 1921, mr.Hewit and mr.Beaufort in London done a brevet (number 28.455) for a camera that used cine-film, with film advance and cocking shutter done to prevent double exposure (very similar to Tenax, adopted many years after by Zeiss), with the possibility to charge film in light by special cartridge. Format 23x31mm, central shutter from 1sec to 1/300, little reflex finder and after Albada-galileian, the project was abandoned after few years.	Cook f3.1/50
Morsolin	Argus	1921	In the 1921 Francesco Morsolin introduces the Argus camera that employs 35mm perforated film and had an autonomy of about one hundred of format negatives 30x45mm. The camera comes constructed in a limited pieces number, perhaps only five hundred, but Paris camera maker Krauss produced e really similar camera: Eka !	Tessar 1:4.5/50, Koritska
Victor Houssin	Le Phototank	1922	A strange project by french Henri Bayle, 50 exposure 18x24mm on 35mm.	Berthiot Stellar 1:3.5/50
Dr. Rudolph	Cosmos 35	1922	Dr. Rudolph’s Spezial-Kamera Cosmos 35, c. 1922 Green leathered metal camera, dimensions without lens and fittings 65 x 105 x 38 mm. Exceptionally important in several respects: 1) An early “Plasmat 2/35”, no. 251.373. The Plasmat was the “Kino-Plasmat” for 35 mm film, here in a testing camera for the whole 35 mm size. Slight corner vignetting visible. – 2) Dr. Rudolph as manufacturer. He left the Zeiss company already in 1920, not least because of differences of opinion about the Plasmat production. – 3) Very early German 35 mm camera. – 4) Very unusual shutter with 7 sec. delayed action! – 5) Fast lens. Lens speed of 1:2 was sensationally. – 6) Classic modern angular shaped camera design, with green leathering. – Worldwide the only known “Cosmos 35”.	Plasmat 2/35
Steinheil	Test Camera	1922	Test Camera Steinheil. c. 1922 Extremely early camera for 35 mm. Wooden body, leathered, top plates of aluminium, inner brass body. Extremely fast Steinheil “Cassar 2,5/7,5 cm”, No. 288.433. No other Steinheil lens 2,5/7,5 cm is known! Ibsor shutter. With 2 optical viewfinders and screen focusing (without screen). One finder glass cracked. According to Dr. Loher a prototype. Top rarity! This is a competition product to “Minigraph”.	Cassar 2,5/7,5
Matonox	Night-Camera	?	Matonox Night-Camera by C.P. Goerz, Berlin English engravings, exceptional night camera, Goerz lens “Photomaton 2/3 in.”, no. 751.908. Ilex shutter. F-stops: 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4,5. With “Prism Tele Viewfinder for Matonox Night-Camera III inch”. Camera and viewfinder with serial number 42, special lens hood as well (1042). Negative size 24 x 36 mm! With special case. Photomaton lens absolutely unknown! After the incorporation of Goerz into Zeiss Ikon in 1926 this development had not been continued!	Goerz lens “Photomaton 2/3
Seischab	Esco	1922	Another early half-frame. Speeds from 1 – to 1/300. 400 17×24 pictures. 2 versions, with dial-set compur or with ring-set, like Leica Compur.	Steinheil Anastigmat-Cassar 3,5/35
Werke Simons & Co.	Sico	1923	Dark brown wooden body with brass trim. The Sico takes number 25 30x40mm exposures on unperforated 35mm paper-backed rollfilm. Iris diaphram to f22. Dial Compur shutter 1-300. An unusual variation has leather-covered body, slightly larger in size, and different controls.	Dagor f6.8 Double Anastigmat or Sico f3.5 Rüdersdorf Anastigmat
Werke Simons & Co.	Sico 2	1923	Like the Sico but leather covered and with a little different design, Compur shutter 1-300.	Dagor f6.8 Double Anastigmat or Sico f3.5 Rüdersdorf Anastigmat
E. Guérin & Cie.	Furet Camera ver.1	1923	Small, early 35mm camera for 25 exposures 24 x 36mm using special cassettes. This is the smallest of the pre-Leica 0 35mm cameras.	Hermagis Anastigmat 1:4.5/40
Debrie	Sept Camera	1923	Spring driven motor camera for still pictures, sequential pictures or movies. When a circular lid was removed from the back, the camera could be placed in front of a light source and act as a movie projector. 18x24mm on 35mm in special 5m cartridges.	Roussel Stylor f3.5/50
Ernst Leitz	Leica 0	1923	Preproduction series of 31 cameras, Serial #100-130, hand-made in 1923 & 1924. Since the focal plane shutter was not self capping on the first seven examples, they required the use of a lens cap which was attached with a cord to a small bracket on the camera body. This feature was retained on the second batch even though they had a self-capping shutter. The viewfinder (either folding or telescoping type) is located directly above the lens.	Leitz Anastigmat f 3.5/50
Mollier & Demaison	Le Cent Vue mod.1	1924	VERY RARE 18x24mm CAMERA, FIRST VERTICALLY TYPE.	Zeiss TESSAR 3,5/4cm
Krauss	Eka ver.1	1924	Dial set Compur- Serial shutter. Took 100 exposures on paper backed 35mm film. Helical focusing. The first version has frontal plate Chrome with “flame” on chrome. Different logo position on top, Lense different form second version	Tessar 1:4.5/50
E. Guérin & Cie.	Furet Camera ver.2	1924	different advance film lever.	Hermagis Anastigmat 1:4.5/40
Van Remorteel	Photorette	1924	18×24 on 35mm film. Simple shutter.	Simple lens
LA CINESCOPIE	Photoscopic (vers.1)	1924	Advance film by a lever like Amourette, Pronto shutter, frame Size: 24x24mm, 50 pictures, only 100 pieces made.	O.I.P.Gand Labor 3.5/45
Krauss	Eka ver.2	1925	Dial set Compur- Serial shutter. Took 100 exposures on paper backed 35mm film. Helical focusing.	Tessar 1:3.5/50
Goerz	Test Camera	1925	Test Camera “Goerz”. A never seen before camera for 35 mm film for round exposures. Spreads of the camera 14 1/2 in. Dimensions of the lens board 3 1/2 x 4 in. Lens by Astro, Berlin: “Tachar 1,8/25 mm”, no. 6.125. This cine lens was patented in the USA in 1925. Lens mount is engraved “C.P. Goerz, Berlin, Serie C, No. 00”. “General” shutter. Cable release lifts up an auxiliary shutter and opens the film transport. Optical viewfinder and frame finder with auxiliary lines. Very interesting and spectacular special camera or test camera which is with its long film magazine a forerunner of the Leica 250. One of the last Goerz designs before Goerz has been integrated in the Zeiss Ikon company in 1926.	Tachar 1,8/25
Mollier & Demaison	Le Cent Vue	1925	In 1925 Tartara constructed a camera in a limited exemplary number with a curious shape named Fototank. Little later Mollier, in France, will put in production one much similar named ‘ Cent Vues ‘. 100 exposures 18×24 on 35mm film in special cassettes, Compur central shutter 1/25, 1/50, 1/100, very few of them have been made. This is the second version, with rounded leather covered body, made in 1926, while the first version, with square cornered vertical body, was in 1925.	Hermagis Linx 1:3.5/40 Hermagis Anastigmat 1:3.5/49
O.T.A.G.	Amourette	1925	50 exposures 18×24 on 35mm film in special cassettes, central shutter 1/25, 1/50, 1/100, forerunner of the Instamatic and other cassettes.	Double Miniscope 1:6.3/35
ERNEMANN	Unette 35mm	1925	Box camera 22x33mm on 35mm film, also under Zeiss Ikon logo, simple central shutter.	Ernemann Unoptikon 12.5/40
Ernst Leitz	Leica I	1925	Z – 20 – 30 40 – 60 – 100 – 200 – 500.	Leitz Anastigmat o Elmax o Elmar 50 mm f3.5
Ernemann	Bobette I	1925	Very rare camera for cinefilm, Bobette I was a strut folding camera, fitted with various lenses. Frame Size: 22x33mm	50/4.5 Ernoplast 40/8 Erid 50/9 Frontar lens
Carl Zeiss	Bobette	1926-30	Rare camera for cinefilm with paper back roll, Bobette was absolutely the same of Ernemann, but with Zeiss logo. Frame Size: 22x31mm	50/8 Frontar lens
Bebr Bopp	Prototyp			2,3/50mm Tachar Astro
Ernst Leitz	Leica Compur A	1926	Made in 2 different versions, Model A has a Compur Dial Set	Leitz Anastigmat f 3.5/50
C.P. Goerz	Matonox Night-Camera	1926	Exceptional night camera, Goerz lens “Photomaton 2/3 in.”. Ilex shutter. F-stops: 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4,5. With “Prism Tele Viewfinder for Matonox Night-Camera III inch”. Camera and viewfinder with serial number 42, special lens hood as well (1042). Negative size 24 x 36 mm! With special case. Photomaton lens absolutely unknown! After the incorporation of Goerz into Zeiss Ikon in 1926 this development had not been continued!	Photomaton lens
Ernst Leitz	Leica Compur B	1926	Model B has Compur Rim Set.	Leitz Anastigmat f 3.5/50
Ernemann	Bobette II	1926	Klapp camera 22x33mm on 35mm film paper back, this is the second version similar to first model except 22x33mm exposures. Shutter is CHRONOS. Frame Size: 22x33mm	Ernoplast f4,5 F=5cm
Ansco	Memo Regular	1927	Wooden vertical box body with leather covering. Tubular optical finder on top. Makes 50 exposures 18x23mm on 35mm film in special cassettes which were originally made of wood. Sliding button on back for film advance, automatic exposure counter. Ansco Memo cameras were produced in numerous configurations, first version without a shutter release guard. Variations included models with an f 6.3 lens, f 3.5 lens, focusing and non-focusing lenses, plain uncovered wood bodies, leather covered bodies, and a wood olive-drab painted Boy Scout model. There were models that focused to three feet, and others that focused to two feet. Lenses were provided by Wollensak, Bausch & Lomb, Ilex, Agfa and possibly other makers.	Wollensak Cine Velostigmat Ilex Cinemat 1:6.3/40 1:50/3.5 Agfa Anastigmat
Wirgin	Edinex	1927	Non-rangefinder model with the addition of an access door on the back to facilitate film loading, Wiesbaden, Germany.	Edinar 3.5/50
Cornu	Ontoscope	1928	24×30, Shutter: Guillotine	Zeiss Tessar 1:4.5/75
Kern	Astro Small Stereo	1928	20x20mm, Shutter: Guillotine	Kernon 3.5/35
Q.R.S. Devry Corp.	Kamra	1928	Brick-shaped brown bakelite body. 40 exposures, 24x32mm, on 35mm film in special cassettes. Single speed shutter trips by counter-clockwise motion on winding crank. as the manual says: “Q.R.S Kamra film is standard 35mm. motion picture film prepared exclusively for the Q.R.S Kamra in Q.R.S metal daylight loading magazine”	Graf Anastigmat f7.7/40
DEVRY CORP	Hollywood	1928	simple shutter.	Graf Anastigmat 7.7/40 Schneider Xenar 4.5/50
Ansco	Memo Regular	1929	Like precedent, but this version has a shutter release guard. Lenses were provided by Wollensak, Bausch & Lomb, Ilex, Agfa and possibly other makers.	Wollensak Cine Velostigmat Ilex Cinemat 1:6.3/40 1:50/3.5 Agfa Anastigmat
LA CINESCOPIE	Photoscopic (vers.2)	1929	Advance film by an usual knob, frame Size: 24x24mm, 50 pictures	O.I.P.Gand Labor 3.5/45
MULTIPOSE PORTABLE CAMERAS LTD	Maton	1930	Shutter: Gizo, 24x30mm on 35mm film.	Trylor 4.5/85
Rothgiesser & Schlossmann	Rothschloss	1930	Very rare TLR for 18×24 on 35mm film, sometimes with Steinheil “Triplar 2,8/5 cm”, mostly offered with Rothschloss “Anastigmat 1:3,5”, Compur up to 1/300 sec.	Anastigmat Rothschloss 3,5/50.
LA CINESCOPIE	Cinescopic	1930	Frame Size: 24x24mm, lense, shturre and finder are removable, all connected together, 50 pictures	O.I.P.Gand Labor 3.5/45
C.F. Foth & Co	Derby	1930	Swing-up telescopic Newton finder, focal plane shutter 1/25 – 1/500 Sec., only first version format 24 x 36 on 127 film, 2 versions (after done) for format 3 x 4 on 127 film.	Foth Anastigmat 3,5/50
G. A. Krauss, Stuttgart	Peggy I	1931	Had a Compur-Shutter, Tessar 3,5 & 2,8/50, and featured coupled filmtransport and shutter mechanism, an automatic film counter and a film cutting device.	Zeiss Tessar 3.5/50
G. A. Krauss, Stuttgart	Peggy II	1932	featured a coupled rangefinder, an improved compur-shutter with the slowest speed of 1 second, and offered a choice of 4 lenses: Tessar 2,8 & 3,5/50, Xenar 2/45,Biotar 2/50	Zeiss Tessar 3.5/50
Woldemar Beier	Beira Model Ia	1932	Shutter: Compur Country: Dresden, Germany	Schneider Xenar 3.5/50
Kolar	Kola	1932	One of the first multi-format cameras…. made in many versions with different shutters and lenses.	Zeiss Tessar 3,5/60 Rodenstock Anastigmat Trinar 2,9/50
Ernst Leitz	Leica II	1932	First Leica with a built-in-rangefinder, standardized & interchangeable lenses, ranging from 35 to 135, it was 35’s first system camera, focal plane shutter from 1/20 to 1/500.	Elmar 3.5/50
Ernst Leitz	Leica Standard	1932	Galileian viewfinder, no rangefinder. Technically as Leica I, but with extendible rewind knob.	Elmar 3.5/50
Zeiss	Contax	1932	Start Zeiss competition against Leica format ! Top rangefinder camera, including a black body. It had the longest rangefinder base (100mm) ever. The first Contax had a vertical travel, eleven blade, metal, focal plane shutter. Shutter speeds could be set, all from the same dial, up to 1/1000 second. A bayonet mount for interchangeable lenses available with speeds up to fl.5. Detachable back to accommodate the changing of film, Contax I was in production from 1932 to 1938, and by 1934 there were 12 lenses from 28mm to 500mm in the Carl Zeiss lens line.	Zeiss Tessar 3,5/50